What is "Management"? What do Managers Do?
Traditional Interpretation
There are a variety of views about this term. Traditionally, the term "management" refers to the set of activities, and often the group of people, involved in four general functions, including planning, organizing, leading and coordinating activities. (Note that the four functions recur throughout the organization and are highly integrated.)
Another Interpretation
Some writers, teachers and practitioners assert that the above view is rather outmoded and that management needs to focus more on leadership skills, e.g., establishing vision and goals, communicating the vision and goals, and guiding others to accomplish them. They also assert that leadership must be more facilitative, participative and empowering in how visions and goals are established and carried out. Some people assert that this really isn't a change in the management functions, rather it's re-emphasizing certain aspects of management.
What Do Managers Do?
Both of the above interpretations acknowledge the major functions of planning, organizing, leading and coordinating activities -- they put different emphasis and suggest different natures of activities in the following four major functions. They still agree that what managers do is the following:
1) Planning,
including identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning, etc.
2) Organizing resources
to achieve the goals in an optimum fashion. Examples are organizing new departments, human resources, office and file systems, re-organizing businesses, etc.
3) Leading,
including to set direction for the organization, groups and individuals and also influence people to follow that direction. Examples are establishing strategic direction (vision, values, mission and / or goals) and championing methods of organizational performance management to pursue that direction.
4) Controlling, or coordinating,
the organization's systems, processes and structures to effectively and efficiently reach goals and objectives. This includes ongoing collection of feedback, and monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes and structures accordingly. Examples include use of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management processes, measures to avoid risks etc.
Another common view is that "management" is getting things done through others. Yet another view, quite apart from the traditional view, asserts that the job of management is to support employee's efforts to be fully productive members of the organizations and citizens of the community.
To most employees, the term "management" probably means the group of people (executives and other managers) who are primarily responsible for making decisions in the organization. In a nonprofit, the term "management" might refer to all or any of the activities of the board, executive director and/or program directors.
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Sunday, March 30, 2008
Wednesday, March 26, 2008
Incredible India
New Delhi - March 26, 2008 8:45:06 PM IST - Praise for Tatas for Jaguar, Land Rover deal.
The workers at Jaguar and Land Rover are not the only people who praised Tata Motors for the $2.3 billion deal with Ford. Commerce Minister Kamal Nath Wednesday joined corporate India in complementing the Tata group for spearheading India Inc's globalisation drive.
"My congratulations to the Tatas and entire corporate world as they have held India's private sector flag high. The world is looking at India," Kamal Nath said at the sidelines of a meeting here.
"The most important thing is that world is recognising India's credibility," he said, adding the $2.3 billion deal was also a sign of the rising globalisation of Indian companies even at a time when there was a global slowdown.
"The acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover has been a culmination of a process of acquisition overseas by the Indian corporate," said the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce (Ficci) in a statement.
"With the meltdown in US and repercussions in Europe, Ficci is convinced India Inc will have many more opportunities of buying up valuable companies in these markets, provided the growth momentum of the Indian economy is sustained."
The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (Assocham) said the agreement signed by the Tatas also marks the transparent and business-like manner in which the group has negotiated with Ford, which needed to be complimented.
"The Indian industry has been doing an extremely good job in acquiring foreign assets. But the way the Tatas have done it makes India proud," said Venugopal N. Dhoot, the president of the industry lobby. (IANS)
What Is The Secret?
Click to reveal
A Worldwide Event
The workers at Jaguar and Land Rover are not the only people who praised Tata Motors for the $2.3 billion deal with Ford. Commerce Minister Kamal Nath Wednesday joined corporate India in complementing the Tata group for spearheading India Inc's globalisation drive.
"My congratulations to the Tatas and entire corporate world as they have held India's private sector flag high. The world is looking at India," Kamal Nath said at the sidelines of a meeting here.
"The most important thing is that world is recognising India's credibility," he said, adding the $2.3 billion deal was also a sign of the rising globalisation of Indian companies even at a time when there was a global slowdown.
"The acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover has been a culmination of a process of acquisition overseas by the Indian corporate," said the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce (Ficci) in a statement.
"With the meltdown in US and repercussions in Europe, Ficci is convinced India Inc will have many more opportunities of buying up valuable companies in these markets, provided the growth momentum of the Indian economy is sustained."
The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (Assocham) said the agreement signed by the Tatas also marks the transparent and business-like manner in which the group has negotiated with Ford, which needed to be complimented.
"The Indian industry has been doing an extremely good job in acquiring foreign assets. But the way the Tatas have done it makes India proud," said Venugopal N. Dhoot, the president of the industry lobby. (IANS)
What Is The Secret?
Click to reveal
A Worldwide Event
Incredible India : India is the “Future of The World”, says Sarkozy.
Thursday, January 24, 2008 - An 11 member business team led by Sunil Bharti Mittal, the President of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) called on French President Nicolas Sarkozy on Tuesday at the Elysee Palace in Paris.
During the meeting, President Sarkozy referred to India as the Future of the World and described it as one of great and emerging nations of the 21st Century.
The Indian business delegation discussed issues of investment in France; work permits. They also acknowledged good understanding in politics and strategic thinking, but said that trade and investment between France and India needed to improve.
They highlighted the opportunities in infrastructure; in defense equipment especially offset; in healthcare by creating a pool of researchers and academicians; they discussed reduction of drug prices by support to generic drug industry.
The team also discussed the opportunities in the auto industry in India and the need for France to make an iconic investment in India. The business delegation acknowledged that a new chapter in Indo-French relations was expected with President Sarkozy at the helm in France. There were discussions on building synergies between SMEs.
In echoing his view of the changing global economic and political order, President Sarkozy was emphatic about India`s role and responsibilities at the high table of global leadership.
Incredible India : India is the “Future of The World”, says Sarkozy
During the meeting, President Sarkozy referred to India as the Future of the World and described it as one of great and emerging nations of the 21st Century.
The Indian business delegation discussed issues of investment in France; work permits. They also acknowledged good understanding in politics and strategic thinking, but said that trade and investment between France and India needed to improve.
They highlighted the opportunities in infrastructure; in defense equipment especially offset; in healthcare by creating a pool of researchers and academicians; they discussed reduction of drug prices by support to generic drug industry.
The team also discussed the opportunities in the auto industry in India and the need for France to make an iconic investment in India. The business delegation acknowledged that a new chapter in Indo-French relations was expected with President Sarkozy at the helm in France. There were discussions on building synergies between SMEs.
In echoing his view of the changing global economic and political order, President Sarkozy was emphatic about India`s role and responsibilities at the high table of global leadership.
Incredible India : India is the “Future of The World”, says Sarkozy
Thursday, March 06, 2008
Hillary Clinton
Dubai – 6th March 2008. Now that Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton has shown that persistence pays off, with her comeback victories in the Ohio and Texas primaries on Tuesday, a new question immediately confronts her and her campaign: Can she persevere to ultimately win the nomination?
We at Librahitech believe that she can. Every woman in the U.S.A. must support her to see that she becomes the first woman President of the U.S.A., and hence, they shall not miss this opportunity and work toward her winning the nomination. This is the one and only chance in the foreseeable future to have a woman President in the U.S.A. so, go for it now.
So cheer you all the womenfolk in the United States of America and walk with Hillary Clinton to see that she is nominated and ultimately wins the Presidential elections this time round.
We at Librahitech believe that she can. Every woman in the U.S.A. must support her to see that she becomes the first woman President of the U.S.A., and hence, they shall not miss this opportunity and work toward her winning the nomination. This is the one and only chance in the foreseeable future to have a woman President in the U.S.A. so, go for it now.
So cheer you all the womenfolk in the United States of America and walk with Hillary Clinton to see that she is nominated and ultimately wins the Presidential elections this time round.
Monday, March 03, 2008
Mumbai
Mumbai - Ancient yet modern, fabulously rich yet achingly poor, Mumbai is India in microcosm. Once a sultry tropical archipelago of seven islands, and the Raj's brightest jewel, Mumbai was the dowry of Portuguese Princess Infanta Catherine de Braganza who married Charles II of England in 1661. Today it's a teeming metropolis, commercial hub of an old civilization seeking to find its place in the New World Order.
Forty percent of India's taxes come from this city alone, and half of India's international trade passes through its splendid natural harbour. In fact Mumbai is the very soul of human enterprise. At the city's Stock Exchange, millionaires and paupers are made overnight, and the sidewalks are crowded with vendors hawking everything from ballpoint pens to second hand mixies. Everyday, half of Mumbai's population commutes from far-flung suburbs to downtown offices, banks, factories and mills for a living.
Nearly thirteen million people live here - wealthy industrialists, flashy film stars, internationally acclaimed artists, workers, teachers and clerks - all existing cheek by jowl in soaring skyscrapers and sprawling slums. They come from diverse ethnic backgrounds and speak over a dozen tongues adding colour, flavour and texture to the Great Mumbai Melting Pot.
Mumbai City Map
Western Union Money Transfer
Forty percent of India's taxes come from this city alone, and half of India's international trade passes through its splendid natural harbour. In fact Mumbai is the very soul of human enterprise. At the city's Stock Exchange, millionaires and paupers are made overnight, and the sidewalks are crowded with vendors hawking everything from ballpoint pens to second hand mixies. Everyday, half of Mumbai's population commutes from far-flung suburbs to downtown offices, banks, factories and mills for a living.
Nearly thirteen million people live here - wealthy industrialists, flashy film stars, internationally acclaimed artists, workers, teachers and clerks - all existing cheek by jowl in soaring skyscrapers and sprawling slums. They come from diverse ethnic backgrounds and speak over a dozen tongues adding colour, flavour and texture to the Great Mumbai Melting Pot.
Mumbai City Map
Western Union Money Transfer
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